Most energy flow diagrams in textbooks show production flowing ... became used as a response variable. Most ecology texts do not explain how production is calculated, but it is really quite ...

Each food chain is a descriptive diagram including a series of arrows, each pointing from one species to another, representing the flow of food energy ... web in a desert ecosystem.

The way energy passes through an ecosystem is described as energy flow. Herbivores (plant eating animals) are primary consumers. Carnivores (animals who eat other animals) are secondary consumers ...

Eddies are large, rotating currents that contribute to ocean mixing and transport of heat and salt in seawater. Importantly, eddies modify ocean circulation and can influence climate variability by ...