The mass of granite likely formed from unerupted lava cooling below the ancient volcano ... which is why we really don’t see that type of rock on other planets,” said Professor Stephen ...

Lavacicles, a common feature, are squeezed out of a lava tube’s roof by gases under high pressure and then cooled mid-drip. The gooey appearance of a rock wall in Manu Nui cave was formed when ...

Town-house-size rocks wobbled like loose teeth ... which was above him within the cone of cooled lava. But he could hear its hissing gases and smell its acrid fumes. He pulled on a silver-colored ...

One way to find water worlds beyond our solar system could be to look for minerals — or more specifically, to study minerals mixed with cool lava on exoplanet surfaces. This is because if water ...