Symbiotic relationships among marine organisms during the Paleozoic era have garnered significant interest in recent research. These relationships, which can range from mutualism to commensalism ...

3 min read During the Ordovician period, part of the Paleozoic era, a rich variety of marine ... wiping out at least half of all marine animal species about 443 million years ago.

The Paleozoic era's Silurian period saw animals and plants finally emerge ... and rising sea levels reproduced the shallow, marine environments of earlier times. Huge reef systems flourished ...

revealed a significant rise in marine oxygenation during the Late Paleozoic era (400 million years ago), hundreds of millions of years after the emergence of animal-life. These findings suggest ...